How do students in enabling programs cope when the paper study materials are no longer readily available?

Students studying enabling programs are now expected to learn from the electronic medium rather than from paper study materials. Most universities have budgeting constraints that impact on the production and provision of the traditional paper study materials. As a result of the Bradley Report, universities are increasing the participation rates in their enabling programs (Bradley, et al., 2008) by accepting new students who have low academic skills and often lack confidence to succeed in higher education. Together with increased student numbers in enabling courses and tighter budgeting constraints, electronic resources are seen by universities as being more cost effective. Many students may be computer literate but do they manage to learn effectively or as well as students who studied using traditional methods

Evaluation of two applications of spectral mixing models to image fusion

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Constitutional Law - First Amendment - Freedom of Expression - Public Indecency

The United States Supreme Court held that the enforcement of Indiana\u27s public indecency statute to require dancers to wear G-strings and pasties at adult entertainment establishments did not violate the First Amendment. Barnes v Glen Theatre, Inc., ___ US ___, 111 S Ct 2456 (1991)

Automated Annotation in the GEBCO Digital Atlas

The GEBCO series of bathymetric charts of the world's oceans has developed over a long time, with many changes in format, content and detail. A digital version, the GEBCO Digital Atlas, is currently under preparation using the present (fifth) edition as a starting point. One of the methods for distribution will be the CD-ROM optical disk. With the potential of this medium for handling considerably more information than can be portrayed on paper and the use of the electronic medium for mapping applications, a number of cartographic issues are raised, one of which is feature annotation. Research into techniques for carrying out this process automatically has focused almost exclusively on land-based applications. The application of these techniques to bathymetric mapping is discussed, with particular attention paid to the problems involved with viewing data at arbitrary scale factors, and a number of possible solutions are presented

Improving the optimum yield and growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC125 and CW15 using various carbon sources and growth regimes

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC125 (wild type) and CW15 (cell wall mutants) were feed up on solid and liquid Tris phosphate (TP) media with various concentrations of acetate, glycerol(10-100 mM) or methanol (0.01-718 mM) and cultivated under phototrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Use of 10 and 35 mM acetate and 10 and 50 mM glycerol under constant 38 μE m−2 s−1 light illumination (mixotrophically) was the optimum condition for both strains to have a higher biomass and growth compared to other carbon sources and concentrations. Both strains had a quicker growth rate in just 35 mM of acetate and 10 mM glycerol although feed of algal cells on 35 mM acetate produced more and quicker biomass. In use of 10 mM acetate in micro plate and tissue culture flasks, CW15 had a maximum growth rate of 5.3×104 and 1.3×104 cells/hour; while on use of 35 mM acetate, the growth rate was 8.8×104 (micro plate) and 4.0×104 cells/hour (tissue culture flasks). Wild type had a maximum 2.7×104 (micro plate) and 4×103 (tissue culture) cells/hour in use of 10 mM acetate. In feed of CC125 with 35 mM acetate, growth rate correspondingly for micro plate and tissue culture flasks was 2.5×104 and 2.6×104 cells/ hour. Among the two strains, CW15 with specific growth rate of 8.8×104 cells/hour (in micro plates) and 4.0×104 cells/hour (in tissue culture flasks) on 35 mM acetate also grew quicker than CC125. Susceptibility to bacterial contamination was checked on both strains and we also found that, just as the absence of a cell wall in CW15 accelerated the growth, it also appeared to increase the chance of contamination by about twofold compared to the wild type but this can be minimized by the use of antibiotics in the growth media.Keywords: Heterotrophic growth, mixotrophic growth, acetate, glycerol methanol Chlamydomonas, CC125, CW1